How to read a record's condition grade before you buy
Understanding how records are graded helps you choose wisely and avoid disappointment when adding to your collection.
01Condition grades explained
A standard system uses abbreviations to describe a record's condition, with separate grades for the vinyl disc and its sleeve. Most sellers use a modified version of the Goldmine Grading Guide. You will often see a format like M/NM, where the first grade refers to the record and the second to the sleeve.
It is common to see plus (+) or minus (-) signs to indicate a grade slightly better or worse than the standard, but not enough to move to the next full grade. For example, VG+ is better than VG but not quite Near Mint.
02Mint (M) and Near Mint (NM)
A Mint record is flawless, as if it just came from the factory and has never been played. This grade is rarely used, even for new records, because even factory handling can introduce minor imperfections. Some collectors use 'sealed' instead of Mint.
Near Mint (NM) is the highest grade most collectors expect to encounter. An NM record shows no obvious signs of wear, scuffs, or scratches. Playback should be perfect with no surface noise. The sleeve would also appear nearly new, perhaps with only the slightest signs of handling.
03Very Good Plus (VG+)
Very Good Plus (VG+) indicates a record that has been played but well-cared for. You might find a few light marks that do not affect playback, or minimal surface noise audible only during quiet passages. Hairlines from being removed from the sleeve are common here.
Sleeves graded VG+ may have minor wear, a slight crease, or a small amount of ring wear. There should be no major defects like splits or heavy writing.
04Very Good (VG) and lower
A Very Good (VG) record shows more obvious signs of use. You can expect more noticeable surface noise, especially between tracks and during quieter parts, but it should not overpower the music. Light scratches and scuffs are present, but the record should not skip.
VG sleeves will have more pronounced wear, such as significant ring wear, seam splits of a few inches, or minor writing. Grades below VG, such as Good (G) or Fair (F), indicate records with substantial issues and are generally considered play copies only, if at all playable.